Technical Specifications
| Property | Value | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical name | Isopropyl Tri(N-aminoethyl-aminoethyl) Titanate | — |
| CAS No. | 36673-16-2 | — |
| Active content | ≥95% | GC |
| Appearance | Amber to dark brown liquid | Visual |
| Specific gravity (25°C) | 0.99–1.02 g/cm³ | ASTM D792 |
| Viscosity (25°C) | 20–60 mPa·s | Brookfield LV |
| Flash point | >60°C | ASTM D93 (PMCC) |
| Recommended loading on filler | 0.5–1.5 wt% | — |
| Maximum process temperature | 180°C continuous | — |
| Solubility | Miscible with IPA, toluene, xylene | — |
| Compatible filler BET range | 5–25 m²/g (scale for higher BET) | ISO 9277 |
Self-Bridging Chemistry: Dual Amino Groups
KR-44 is a monoalkoxy chelate titanate with three diaminoethyl ligands. The titanium center bonds to filler surfaces via isopropyloxy hydrolysis, while the ethylenediamine arms react with carboxyl, epoxy, or amide functionality in the polymer matrix — a "self-bridging" mechanism requiring no primer step. Effective treatment begins at 0.5 wt% on filler.
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Performance in UPR and FRP Systems
In CaCO₃-filled UPR at 50–65 phr, KR-44 at 0.8–1.2 wt% delivers 15–20% tensile strength increase and 25–35% viscosity reduction. In SMC/BMC, it reduces mixing energy and improves glass fiber wetting without shifting MEKP gel time. Above 1.5 wt% produces diminishing returns.
Polyamide and Specialty Thermoplastics
In glass-filled PA6/PA66 (240–270°C), primary amines react directly with polyamide carbonyl bonds. Flexural modulus retention after 72 h at 50% RH improves 8–12%. Addition: 0.3–0.8 wt% on glass at the main feeder port. Also active in PA11/PA12 for automotive fuel and brake lines.
Supply Chain
KR-44 depends on TiCl₄ and ethylenediamine (EDA). TiCl₄ ex-China trades 8–12% above 2024 averages on tight chlorine supply. SEMITECH maintains Taiwan and SEA-region inventory for 2–3 week delivery versus 8–14 weeks for direct China import.
Frequently Asked Questions
+Q: What is the difference between KR-44 and KR-38S for UPR?
A: KR-38S lacks amino functionality — it promotes adhesion via esterification only. KR-44's dual amino arms react with carboxyl and epoxy groups, producing stronger interfacial bridging and measurable tensile/viscosity advantages.
+Q: Can KR-44 be used in waterborne systems?
A: No — the isopropyloxy group hydrolyzes rapidly above pH 7. For water-based formulations, use neoalkoxy grades such as KR-238S. Pre-disperse KR-44 in compatible solvent before adding to dry filler.
+Q: Which fillers respond best?
A: Fillers with abundant surface hydroxyls: CaCO₃, kaolin, talc, wollastonite, glass fiber, and silica. Carbon black and organic fillers show limited response. Optimal BET 5–25 m²/g.
+Q: How does unit cost compare to amino silanes?
A: KR-44 prices 20–40% above equivalent amino silanes per kilogram, but effective loading is 30–50% lower by weight. In high-CaCO₃ systems, KR-44 is more cost-efficient because amino silanes show limited adhesion on carbonate surfaces.
+Q: Is KR-44 compatible with MEKP peroxide cure?
A: Yes, at 0.5–1.5 wt% on filler. Above 2 wt%, slight gel time extension is possible due to the diamine groups buffering acid co-promoter. Bench confirmation recommended.
+Ready to optimise your formulation?
Contact the Semitech technical team for product recommendations, samples and TDS.